Co-Ordination in Human Body

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In the human body, all the systems simultaneously work in a co-ordinated way and in full harmony for a definite purpose, namely, to keep the body alive. Even the smallest movements we do everyday, such as breathing or smiling, are outcomes of perfect co-ordination in the human body.

Inside us is an incredibly complicated and comprehensively co-ordinated network that operates without stopping at all. The purpose is the continuance of living. This co-ordination is particularly visible in the locomotive system of the body, because, for even the smallest movement, skeletal system, muscles and nervous system must work in perfect collaboration.

In order to perform a co-ordinated act, first, the organs involved in this act and their inter-relations should be known. This information comes from the eyes, the balance mechanism in the internal ear, muscles, joints and skin. Every second, billions of pieces of information are processed, evaluated and new decisions are taken accordingly . Man is not even aware of the processes accomplished in his body at dizzying speed. He just moves, laughs, cries, runs, eats and thinks. He spends no effort in performing these acts. Even for a faint smile, seventeen muscles have to work together at the same time. In order to be able to walk, fifty-four different muscles in the feet, legs, hips and back must work in co-operation.

The perfection of the co-ordination of the body will be better understood with the following example. In order just to lift the hand, the shoulder has to be bent, the front and rear arm muscles - called "triceps" and "biceps" - should be contracted and relaxed, and the muscles between elbow and wrist have to twist the wrist. In every part of the act, millions of receptors in the muscles pass on information immediately to the central nervous system about the position of the muscles. In return, the central nervous system tells the muscles what to do in the next step. Of course one is not aware of any of these processes, but just wishes to lift one's hand, and does it right away.

What happens in case of a problem in this co-ordination? Different expressions might appear on our faces when we want to smile, or we might not manage to talk or walk when we want to. However, we can smile, talk, walk anytime we want and no problems occur, because everything mentioned here is accomplished as a result of the fact of Creation which logically requires " infinite intelligence and power ".

For this reason, man should always remember that he owes his being and life to his Creator, God . There is nothing for man to be arrogant or boastful about. His health, beauty or strength is not his own work, and it is not given to him eternally. He certainly will become old and lose his health and beauty. In the Qur'an, this is stated as:

Anything you have been given is only the enjoyment of the life of this world and its finery. What is with God is better and longer lasting. So will you not use your intellect?" (Surat al-Qasas: 60)

Know your God

By: Harun Yahya

http://www.quranandscience.com 

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Every Man has 360 Joint Bones

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'A'ishah (A.S.) narrated that the Prophet (PBUH) said:

"Everyone has been created with three hundred and sixty Joints. Whoever mentions Allah's greatness (says Allahu Akbar), praises Allah, extols Allah, and seeks forgiveness from Allah and removes stones from the path of the people, enjoins what is good and forbids the evil to the amount of those three hundred and sixty joints (sulama), he walks on that Day (of Judgment) having distanced himself from the Hell fire."

Abu Dharr (A.S.) narrated "the Prophet said (PBUH):

"In every morning there is a charitable act on the joints of any of you. Every tasbihah (to say: subhanallah, i.e. Glory be to Allah) is a charitable act; every tahmidah (to say: al-hamdu lillah, i.e. Praise be to Allah) is a charitable act, every tahlilah (to say: la ilaha illallah, i.e. There is none worthy of worship but Allah) is a charitable act; every takbirah (to say: Allahu akbar, i.e. Allah is the Greatest) is a charitable act; enjoining the right is a charitable act; forbidding the evil is a charitable act. However, to fulfill that charity, it is sufficient to pray two rak'at of Duha."

The word "Sulama" in Arabic refers to the joint. It can be also used for all the body bones and the joints between them. Most of the body bones are movable, but some are fixed as those of the skull.

The Explanation of the Hadith

The hadith clearly directs Muslims to be grateful to Allah, the Almighty, Who dignifies and honors man, over all other creatures, by giving him a straight upright skeleton. It has been created of a huge number of big and small bones and cartilage. Between every two bones, there is a joint to enable the bones and to protect the body's soft parts. These joints enable the person to stand up, sit down, lie on his side, bend, stretch, etc. Every Muslim who worships Allah, Glorified be He, must be grateful to Allah for every one of these joints, and offer a charitable act, in way of gratitude to His Creator, for this great blessing, without which life would have been impossible.

It is amazing that the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned the number of the body joints so precisely, at a time when nobody had any idea about human anatomy. Even now in the 21^st century, many people still do not know the number of joints in their bodies, including many professors of orthopedics. I asked many of them, and their answer was between 200 and 300 bones, and around 100-300 joints.

Likewise, many international encyclopedias avoid giving an exact number of bones and joints of the human skeleton by classifying them into major groups or subdivision. The Encyclopedia Britannica classified them into three subdivisions:

1- The Axial Skeleton: which consists of the bones of the vertebral column and the majority of the skull bones.

2- The Visceral Skeleton: which consists of the thorax (the ribs and the breastbones), the lower jaw and some parts of the upper jaw.

3- The Appendicular Skeleton: which consists of the bones of the pelvic girdles, shoulders and limbs.

The Hatchinson Encyclopedia, published in 1995, mentioned that the number of bones in a human skeleton is only 206 bones.

In his book titled, "The Journey of Faith inside the Human Body", Dr.Hamid Ahmed Hamid mentioned that the total number of the human body joints is exactly 360, as the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) stated 1400 years ago. According to Dr. Hamid, the details of these bones are as follows:

Joints in the human body

First: 147 joints in the vertebral column

25 joints between the vertebrae.

72 joints between the vertebrae and the ribs.

Second: 24 joints in the thorax

2 joints between the bones of the sternum and the thoracic cage.

18 joints between the sternum and the ribs.

2 joints between the clavicle and the scapulae (shoulder blade).

2 joints between the scapulae and the thorax.

Third: 86 joints in the upper extremity

2 joints between the scapular bones.

6 joints between the elbows.

8 joints between the wrists.

70 joints between the hand bones.

Fourth: 92 joints in the lower extremity

2 hip joints.

6 joints between the knee bones.

6 joints between the ankles.

74 joints between the feet bones.

Fifth: 11 joints in the Pelvis

4 joints between the coccyx vertebrae.

6 joints between the bones acetabulm.

1 joint of the pubic sumphysis.

Total number of joints: 360

Those joints, mentioned in the hadith, are the movable joints in the human body, which give the ability to the vertebral column and hence the whole body to move freely. The immovable joints, as those joining the skull bones, are not counted here. The movable ones are also known as "The Synovial joints", for they contain a fluid known as the "Synonvial fluid". This fluid allows friction-free movement of the bones by reducing direct contact. For example, the hip joint, composed of a ball-like head of the femur that fits into a socket-like depression of the pelvis bone, makes the hip and the whole leg movements easy and flexible. Another example is the Hinge joint, which enables man to easily bend his leg.

Another type of joints is called "The Gliding joints" as that of the radiocarpal (wrist) joint. In this joint, the facing bone surfaces are in most cases flat, allowing the bones to glide freely in several directions. The joint between the two upper vertebrae has a special structure. It allows the side movement of the head, through the rotation of the ball-like head of one vertebra into the socket-like depression of the other vertebra.

Were it not for the joints created by Allah the Almighty, man would not have been able to move one bone in his body. The defect in one joint causes a lot of pain and problems.

Sunnah & Science

By: Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar

 

http://www.quranandscience.com

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Diet During Ramadan

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INTRODUCTION

Fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan can be good for one's health and personal development. Ramadan fasting is not just about disciplining the body to restrain from eating food and drinking water from predawn until sunset. The eyes, the ears, the tongue, and even the private parts are equally obligated to be restrained if a Muslim wants to gain the total rewards of fasting. Ramadan is also about restraining anger, doing good deeds, exercising personal discipline, and preparing oneself to serve as a good Muslim and a good person during and after Ramadan.

This is why the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him, Pbuh) has been attributed, by Hazrat Abu Hurairah in hadith, to say: "He who does not desist from obscene language and acting obscenely (during the period of fasting), Allah has no need that he didn't eat or drink." (Bukhari, Muslim). In another hadith by Hazrat Abu Harairah, the Prophet (Pbuh) said: "Fasting is not only from food and drink, fasting is to refrain from obscene (acts). If someone verbally abuses you or acts ignorantly toward you, say (to them) 'I am fasting; I am fasting." (Ibn Khuzaoinah). Restraint from food, water, and undesirable behavior makes a person more mentally disciplined and less prone to unhealthy behavior. In an investigation in Jordan (1), a significant reduction of parasuicidal cases was noted during the month of Ramadan. In the United Kingdom, the Ramadan model has been used by various health departments and organizations to reduce cigarette smoking among the masses, especially among Africans and Asians (2).

Ramadan fasting has spiritual, physical, psychological, and social benefits; however, manmade problems may occur, if fasting is not properly practiced. First of all, there is no need to consume excess food at iftar (the food eaten immediately after sunset to break fast), dinner or sahur ( the light meal generally eaten about half an hour to one hour before dawn). The body has regulatory mechanisms that activate during fasting. There is efficient utilization of body fat. [El Ati et al. (3)]. Basal metabolism slows down during Ramadan fasting. [Husain et al. (4)]. A diet that is less than a normal amount of food intake but balanced is sufficient enough to keep a person healthy and active during the month of Ramadan.

Health problems can emerge as a result of excess food intake, foods that make the diet unbalanced, and insufficient sleep (5, 6). Ultimately also, such a lifestyle contradicts the essential requirements and spirit of Ramadan.

DIET DURING RAMADAN

According to Sunna (the practices of Prophet Muhammad, Pbuh) and research findings referred in this report, a dietary plan is given:

1. Bread/Cereal/Rice, Pasta, Biscuits and Cracker Group: 6-11 servings/day; 2. Meat/Beans/ Nut Group: 2-3 servings/day. 3. Milk and Milk Product Group: 2-3 servings/day. 4. Vegetable Group: 3-5 servings/day; 5. Fruit Group: 2-4 servings/day. 6. Added sugar (table sugar, sucrose): sparingly. 7. Added fat, polyunsaturated oil 4-7 table spoons.

Breakfast, iftar:

• Dates, three
• Juice, 1 serving (4 oz.)
• Vegetable soup with some pasta or graham crackers, 1 cup

The body's immediate need at the time of iftar is to get an easily available energy source in the form of glucose for every living cell, particularly the brain and nerve cells. Dates and juices are good sources of sugars. Dates and juice in the above quantity are sufficient to bring low blood glucose levels to normal levels. Juice and soup help maintain water and mineral balance in the body. An unbalanced diet and too many servings of sherbets and sweets with added sugar have been found to be unhealthy. [Gumma et al. (7)].

Dinner:

Consume foods from all the following food groups:

Meat/Bean Group: Chicken, beef, lamb, goat, fish, 1-2 servings (serving size = a slice =1 oz); green pea, chickpea (garbanzo, chana, humus), green gram, black gram, lentil, lima bean and other beans, 1 serving (half cup). Meat and beans are a good source of protein, minerals, and certain vitamins. Beans are a good source of dietary fiber, as well.

Bread/Cereal Group: Whole wheat bread, 2 servings (serving size = 1 oz) or cooked rice, one cup or combination. This group is a good source of complex carbohydrates, which are a good source of energy and provide some protein, minerals, and dietary fiber.

Milk Group: milk or butter-milk (lassi without sugar), yogurt or cottage cheese (one cup). Those who can not tolerate whole milk must try fermented products such as butter-milk and yogurt. Milk and dairy products are good sources of protein and calcium, which are essential for body tissue maintenance and several physiological functions.

Vegetable Group: Mixed vegetable salad, 1 serving (one cup), (lettuce, carrot, parsley, cucumber, broccoli, coriander leaves, cauliflower or other vegetables as desired.) Add 2 teaspoons of olive oil or any polyunsaturated oil and 2 spoons of vinegar. Polyunsaturated fat provides the body with essential fatty acids and keto acids. Cooked vegetables such as guar beans, French beans, okra (bhindi), eggplant (baigan), bottle gourd (loki), cabbage, spinach, 1 serving (4 oz). Vegetables are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, carotene, lycopenes, and other phytochemicals, which are antioxidants. These are helpful in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and many other health problems.

Fruits Group: 1-2 servings of citrus and/or other fruits. Eat fruits as the last item of the dinner or soon after dinner, to facilitate digestion and prevent many gastrointestinal problems. Citrus fruits provide vitamin C. Fruits are a good source of dietary fiber.

Fruits and mixed nuts may be eaten as a snack after dinner or tarawiaha or before sleep.

Pre-dawn Meal (sahur):

Consume a light sahur. Eat whole wheat or oat cereal or whole wheat bread, 1-2 serving with a cup of milk. Add 2-3 teaspoons of olive oil or any other monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats in a salad or the cereal. Eat 1-2 servings of fruits, as a last item.

DISCUSSION

Blood cholesterol and uric acid levels are sometimes elevated during the month of Ramadan (8). Contrary to popular thinking, it was found that intake of a moderately high-fat diet, around 36% of the total energy (calories), improved blood cholesterol profile. [Nomani, et al. (9) and Nomani (10)] It also prevents the elevation of blood uric acid level (8-10). The normal recommended guideline for fat is 30% or less energy. On weight basis, suggested fat intake during Ramadan is almost the same as at normal days. Fat is required for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and carotenoids. Essential fatty acids are an important component of the cell membrane. They also are required for the synthesis of the hormone prostaglandin. Keto-acids from fat are especially beneficial during Ramadan to meet the energy requirement of brain and nerve cells. Keto-acids also are useful in the synthesis of glucose through the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis. This reduces the breakdown of body proteins for glucose synthesis. Therefore, the energy equivalent of 1-2 bread/cereal servings may be replaced with polyunsaturated fat.

During Ramadan increased gastric acidity is often noticed, [Iraki, et al. (5)] exhibiting itself with symptoms such as a burning feeling in the stomach, a heaviness in the stomach, and a sour mouth. Whole wheat bread, vegetables, humus, beans, and fruits -- excellent sources of dietary fiber -- trigger muscular action, churning and mixing food, breaking food into small particles, binding bile acids, opening the area between the stomach and the deudenum-jejunum and moving digesta in the small intestine. [Kay (11)]. Thus, dietary fiber helps reduce gastric acidity and excess bile acids. [Rydning et al. (12)]. In view of dietary fiber's role in moving digesta, it prevents constipation. It's strongly suggested that peptic ulcer patients avoid spicy foods and consult a doctor for appropriate medicine and diet. Diabetic subjects, particularly severe type I (insulin dependent) or type II (non-insulin dependent), must consult their doctor for the type and dosage of medicine, and diet and precautions to be taken during the month. Generally diabetes mellitus, type II, is manageable through proper diet during Ramadan. [Azizi and Siahkolah (13)].

Pregnant and lactating women's needs for energy and nutrients are more critical than the needs of men (14). There is a possibility of health complications to the pregnant woman and the fetus or the lactating mother and the breastfed child, if energy and nutrient requirements are not met during the month of Ramadan (15-19). Governments, communities, and heads of the family must give highest priority to meet women's dietary needs. In African countries, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and many other places malnutrition is a major problem, especially among women from low-income groups. Further more, it is common among these women to perform strenuous work on farms or in factories, and other places. Malnutrition and strenuous conditions may lead to medical problems and danger to life. Under these conditions one must consult a medical doctor for treatment and maulana or sheikh for postponement or other suggestions regarding fasting. Quran Al-Hakeem and Hadith allow pregnant women and lactating mothers flexibility during the month of Ramadan.

For practical purposes and estimation of nutrients a diet was formulated, given below:

Iftar:

3 dates, 1/2 cup of orange juice, 1 cup of vegetable soup, 2 plain graham crackers; dinner: 1 cup of vegetable salad with two teaspoons of corn oil and two teaspoon of vinegar, 2 oz. of chicken, 1/2 cup of okra, 4 oz. of cooked whole chana (garbanzo), 3 tea spoon of oil while cooking main dishes, 2 slices of whole wheat bread, 1 cup of cooked rice, 3/4 cup of plain yogurt, one orange, 1/2 cup grapes, 1 oz of nuts-mixed roasted-without salt; sahur: 2 slices of whole wheat bread, 1 cup of milk, 1/4 cup of vegetable salad with two teaspoons of corn oil and two teaspoons of vinegar, 1 skinned apple, 2 teaspoons of sugar with tea or coffee.

Nutritionist IV (20) was used to estimate energy and nutrient content in the above diet, which was as follows: energy, 2136 kilocalories; protein, 70g; carbohydrate , 286g; fat, 87g, 35 % of energy of the total intake, (saturated fat 16.9g; mono saturated, 28.4g; poly unsaturated, 34g; other 7.3g; - oleic, 25.6g; linoleic, 29.5; linolenic, 0.6g; EPA-Omega-3, 0.006g; DHA-omega-3, 0.023g; dietary fiber 34g; calcium, 1013mg; sodium, 3252 mg; potassium, 2963mg; iron 13.3mg; zinc, 10mg. When the nutrients were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), for an adult non-pregnant and non-lactating female (14), the diet met 100% or more of the RDA for protein, calcium, sodium, potassium, and vitamin A, K, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, and C. The energy was close to the RDA, (97%). The dietary fiber level also was met as per the recommendation (11). Consuming food in the above amount by pregnant or lactating female may not meet the RDA for all of the nutrients. They may need supplementation of some minerals and vitamins such as, iron vitamin D, and more energy through bread or rice.

Further suggestions:

Drink sufficient water between Iftar and sleep to avoid dehydration.

Consume sufficient vegetables at mealtimes. Eat fruits at the end of the meal.

Avoid intake of high sugar (table sugar, sucrose) foods through sweets or other forms.

Avoid spicy foods.

Avoid caffeine drinks such as coke, coffee or tea. Caffeine is a diuretic. Three days to five days before Ramadan gradually reduce the intake of these drinks. A sudden decrease in caffeine prompts headaches, mood swings and irritability.

Smoking is a health risk factor. Avoid smoking cigarettes. If you cannot give up smoking, cut down gradually starting a few weeks before Ramadan. Smoking negatively affects utilization of various vitamins, metabolites and enzyme systems in the body.

Do not forget to brush or Miswak (tender neem tree branch, Azhardicta indica or other appropriate plant in a country, about 1/4-1/2 inch diameter and 6-8 inches length, tip partially chewed and made brush like). Brush your teeth before sleep and after sahur. Brush more than two times or as many times as practicable.

Normal or overweight people should not gain weight. For overweight people Ramadan is an excellent opportunity to lose weight. Underweight or marginally normal weight people are discouraged from losing weight. Analyzing a diet's energy and nutritional component, using food composition tables or computer software, will be useful in planning an appropriate diet.

It is recommended that everyone engage in some kind of light exercise, such as stretching or walking. It's important to follow good time management practices for Ibada (prayer and other religious activities), sleep, studies, job, and physical activities or exercise.

In summary, intake of a balanced diet is critical to maintain good health, sustain an active lifestyle and attain the full benefits of Ramadan.

---

 Source: International Journal of Ramadan Fasting Research

Legislative

By: Dr. Mohammad Zafar A. Nomani

 

Source :http://www.quranandscience.com/ 

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All swimming in an orbit

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Modern science informed us that the moon is moving around the Earth in an oval, or elliptical orbit. Also the Earth and the rest of the planets, revolve in oval, or elliptical orbit around the sun.

In the holy Quran this movement is described as follows: (And he is the one who created the night, daylight, sun and the moon, all swimming in an orbit). (Quran, The Prophets: 33).

From my point of view, I think God used the names of the sun, moon, night, and daylight as symbols of the four heavenly cosmic creatures,
Night (darkness): nowdays symbolizes dark matter, or what is sometimes called the cosmic fluid, or fabric of cosmos. Dark matter did not glow by the passage of light. Daylight: symbolizes the gases of the earth atmosphere, or other gases in the universe that glow by the passage of light, Sun: symbolizes the stars and the sources of energy and cosmic tremendous heat radiation. Moon: a symbol of the cold rocky objects in the universe.

So night, daylight, sun, and moon are only a set of nearby symbols, that are close to us in the universe, and are having masses, energy, radiation…etc.

The idea behind all of this, is that if God is telling us: (All swimming in an orbit). This means that the natural mechanical movement of every thing in the universe, either it is radiation, dark matter, energy or solid masses, it is swimming, or what we call in physics wavy motion.

What can be understood from swimming (the wavy motion)? throughout many verses in the Quran, and through the Arabic language uses of the word, it is meant by swimming: the moving waves, or moving on the moving waves, is absolutely different from the word floating.

So how come the space objects are moving in oval or elliptical orbits, while God telling us it is moving in a wavy way inside its orbits?

In figure (1) When an object is floating on the surface of a wave, it will appear moving up and down following a circular or oval path, But if this object moves up and down and, at the same time it follows the track of the wave, by moving forward with it, it will appear swimming for an outer observer, but still appear moving in a circular or oval path for an observer located in or on that object.

Fig. 1.

Also we know from mathematics, if any rotating object needs to keep rotating around its center of rotation, after that center of rotation moved from its place, it must follow a wavy track around it.

Science today has proved that all cosmic objects are moving from its places, due to the expansion of the universe, this means that no object will return to its old place, so since circular or oval path can result only if an object returned to its old starting point, after rotating around another object, this means that no object in the universe is rotating in oval or circular orbit.

So from all of the above, we can reach a result: everything in the universe, to keep its local oval or circular track around another moving object, it must follow a wavy track.

But maybe somebody will ask: how the moon appeared to us moving around the earth in an oval path, while you are saying, it is a wavy orbit?

At first, imagine you were sitting inside a car. in a center of a roundabout, a car came from behind, and moved towards your right, then front of you, then to your left and back to behind. There is no doubt that you will see the vehicle moving around you in a circular path as in figure 2.

Fig. 2.

Now imagine that you were sitting inside a car, moving smoothly out of the center of the roundabout without your feeling. A car came from behind you figure 3, increased its speed, and passed you from right, then turned to left to be in front of you, then went more to the left to be in your front left side, after that this car reduced its speed, so you started passing it, and it became at your left, then at your rear left, at that moment the driver of that car took to the right, and become behind you, if you were watching that vehicle from inside your car, and somebody asked you describe the path of that vehicle around you, you will tell it came from behind me to right, front, left and behind, so you will describe the path, the same when you described while your vehicle was stationary in the center of the round about, the result is that you are drawing a circular path of that vehicle.

But there is one observer watching from a distance, over your silver car, and over the other yellow car. This observer is drawing a different path than the one you have drawn, he is drawing a wavy path for the yellow vehicle around you, he devised that movement of that vehicle around you in stages: Stage 1: Yellow car behind you, and increases its speed to pass you from behind to right. Stage 2: Yellow car at your right. Stage 3: yellow car passed from right to front of you towards your front left, Stage 4: Yellow car decreased its speed and you passed it, so it become at your left. Stage 5: Your speed is still higher, so the yellow car became at your rear left, later its driver took to the right and became behind you.

Fig. 3.

The moon is moving in the same way around the earth figure 4, when its behind the earth its speed is the lowest, it is 0.968 km/s, then this speed increases while the moon is passing the earth from the right until it reach max. value (1.022 km/s) at the moment when the moon is in front of the earth, then it begin to decrease while the moon is at the left, the reason why the earth passes it, until the moon become behind the earth again where its speed is the lowest. This will be further explained in the gravity chapter.

Fig. 4.

The increase and decrease in the speed of the moon, related to the average 30 km/s speed of the earth, where the speed of the moon is added to it while it is at the right side of the earth, and substracted from it while it is at the left, this moon speed increase and decrease, is the same to what is happening with a swimmer, when he pulls on his hands on the water, he gets more speed, and his body raises up, when he interchange between his hands, his speed decreases, and his body goes down, completing a wavy motion, the wave of water itself is doing the same, when its speed increases, it raises up, when its speed decreases it goes down and so on, drawing a wavy track.

Also as the earth speed fluctuates around its average value (29.783 km/s) the sun is moving at a speed of nearly 220 km/s, the increase of the speed of the earth makes it passes the sun, the decrease of its speed makes the sun passes the earth, that is while the earth is moving around the sun, figure. 5.

Note that the earth has two main movements and speeds, one with the sun, its speed equals to the speed of the sun (220 km/s), where the earth here moves with the sun inside the curved space-time of the galaxy, and around its center, while the other movement of the earth has a speed average (29.783 km/s), this speed makes the earth capable of moving inside the local curved space-time around the sun, in a local elliptical path, but when drawing the orbit of the earth according to both movements at the same time, and considering that the earth local speed fluctuates to make it one time passes the sun, while the sun passes it again periodically, the actual orbit will be wavy, this will be discussed and explained in more details in the gravity chapter.

Fig. 5.

In the following figure 6, I drew the wavy path of the moon around the earth, while the earth is orbiting in a wavy way around the sun.

Fig. 6.

Here it can be seen, that both earth and moon, are swimming in the sun orbit, also our galaxy is moving with a local group of galaxies at a speed of 2 million km/h or 555 km/second. As the sun swims at an increasing and decreasing speed of average 220 km/s, around the moving center of our galaxy, it will swim one wavy motion every 250 million years; this means our sun has done around 20 wavy motions since its creation. Figure 7 shows how the sun is moving in a wavy track, around the moving center of our galaxy, noting that, this model and all the models I have drawn are not to scale, if it is difficult to draw these to scale in a big area, other bigger orbits will be impossible to be drawn to scale, even on the whole surface of the earth.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

This figure 8 shows in the upper side, the earth waving in its orbit with the moon, both around the sun, and the sun with the earth and moon, waving inside one orbit around the moving center of the Milky Way galaxy.

While figure 9 shows a sketch of the wavy orbits of the moon around the earth’s wavy orbit, also showing both earth and moon wavy orbits around the sun’s wavy orbit, while all moon, earth and sun orbits are waving in one orbit, around the center of the milky way galaxy....

When I reached the result: small celestial bodies swim inside bigger orbits of bigger celestial bodies and so on, I was capable of drawing the orbits of the moon in that of the earth, the sun, the milky way galaxy, the local group of galaxies, the galactic clusters, super galactic cluster, and the great wall. Figure 10, is showing these orbits, where we can see that the tracks or orbits in our universe are wavy, this is why we can read in another verse in the Quran, (I swirl by the heaven which own a fabric (texture or knots) property) (Al-Tharieat: 7), knots in Arabic means the wavy curved shapes, that appear on the water, sand, wheat, or fabrics. Also, prophet Mohammad was asked one day: (What is this heavens? He answered: it is waves, but hidden from you or (separated from you)), nowdays we are describing the space in scientific language, that it is having a property of: texture, fabric, gravity waves...etc.

Fig. 9.

When I reached these results, and understood from the description of the heavens, that it has a property of knots, while knots means in our language (Arabic) the wavy ways on tissue, water or sand, I expected to find the combinations of waves from the small over the bigger over the bigger, on the tissues, figure 11, water, figure. 12, and sand figure 13. Actually what I found was the same that I drew for the wavy accumulated orbits of swimming cosmic objects. If I want to draw the maps of tracks of air on tissues, or water,  or sand accumulated waves, it will be the same of that drawn on fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

This figure shows that the air imprints on the flag waves, that moves the tissue in a wavy way, at the same time we can see small waves over the bigger ones.

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THE LIGHT OF THE MOON IS REFLECTED LIGHT

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It was believed by earlier civilizations that the moon emanates its own light.
Science now tells us that the light of the moon is reflected light. However this
fact was mentioned in the Qur’aan 1,400 years ago in the following verse:.
“Blessed is He Who made Constellations in the skies, And placed therein
a Lamp And a Moon giving light.” [Al-Qur’aan 25:61]
The Arabic word for the sun in the Qur’aan, is shams. It is referred to as
siraaj, which means a ‘torch’ or as wahhaaj which means ‘a blazing lamp’ or
as diya which means ‘shining glory’. All three descriptions are appropriate to
the sun, since it generates intense heat and light by its internal combustion.
The Arabic word for the moon is qamar and it is described in the Qur’aan as
muneer, which is a body that gives nur i.e. light. Again, the Qur’aanic
description matches perfectly with the true nature of the moon, which does
not give off light itself and is an inert body that reflects the light of the sun.
Not once in the Qur’aan, is the moon mentioned as siraaj, wahhaaj or diya or
the sun as nur or muneer. This implies that the Qur’aan recognizes the
difference between the nature of sunlight and moonlight.
Consider the following verses related to the nature of light from the sun and
the moon: “It is He who made the sun To be a shining glory And the
moon to be a light (Of beauty).” [Al-Qur’aan 10:5]
“See ye not How Allah has created The seven heavens One above
another, “And made the moon A light in their midst, and made the sun
As a (Glorious) Lamp?” [Al-Qur’aan 71:15-16]

Dr.Zakir Naik

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